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This article outlines a deep learning algorithm for pneumothorax detection and quantification that can be used for the automated triage of urgent examinations and enable treatment decision support. Article: Deep learning detection and quantification of pneumothorax in...

This in vitro study on the femur of diabetic fatty and lean rats aimed to explore bone fragility in type 2 diabetes mellitus and define the contribution of micro-CT to the evaluation of bone microarchitecture and vascularisation. Article: Microcomputed tomography of...

The authors aimed to determine the optimal timing protocol for volume scan acquisition at the base and peak of the aortic enhancement using a swine model. Article: Timing optimization of low-dose first-pass analysis dynamic CT myocardial perfusion measurement:...

The authors examined how different input parameters of the ultrasound devices influence the final results of quantitative perfusion analysis using microbubble-based contrast agents. Article: Optimisation of ultrasound liver perfusion through a digital reference object...

This study compared respiratory- and cardiac-triggered three-dimensional (3D) SHINKEI to other modes, and respiratory- and cardiac-triggered 3D SHINKEI showed superior nerve-to-muscle signal ratios in abdomen. Article: Respiratory- and cardiac-triggered...

This study analysed hippocampus subfield volumes in patients after microsurgical clipping and/or endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysms. Article: Hippocampus subfield volumetry after microsurgical or endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms—an...

The authors developed an alignment correction algorithm for CT that would improve geological sampling of sediment cores taken from a cold-water coral mount. Article: Experimental application of an automated alignment correction algorithm for geological CT imaging:...

This study provides the proof-of-concept of using a magnetic resonance imaging-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound pulse for disintegrating and triggering release of a newly developed thermoresponsive wax-coated capsule, thus enabling temporally and spatially...

This study compared four-dimensional (4D) flow to standard two-dimensional (2D) flow sequences in order to determine whether 4D flow can reduce scan time with equivalent image quality and accuracy, but found no significant difference compared to the 2D flow. Article:...

Inspired by the fast-increasing use of three-dimensional (3D) printing for medical purposes, this review evaluates the currently available literature on the use of 3D printing in the management of cardiac valve disease. Article: 3D printing for heart valve disease: a...

The goal of this study was to examine whether computed tomography angiography source images obtained through three-dimensional convolutional neural networks can help detect ischemic stroke. Article: 3D convolutional neural networks applied to CT angiography in the...

The authors analysed compressed sensing and parallel imaging (CS-PI)-accelerated bowel motility magnetic resonance imaging. They also compared its image and diagnostic quality to conventional sensitivity encoding (SENSE) accelerated scans and found no advantages of...

The authors of this study examined the potential use of diffusion-weighted imaging for non-invasive prediction of tumour dignity and prognosis in paediatric patients with neuroblastic tumours. Article: Quantitative DWI predicts event-free survival in children with...

Using the available evidence and the evolution of PI-RADS, the authors reviewed the main technical strategies proposed as less-is-better solutions for clinical practice. The study also summarised research results on advanced techniques which represent an alternative...

This study evaluated the biomechanical properties of osteoplasty alone and in combination with Kirschner wires in a cadaveric human diaphyseal model undergoing 3-point bending stress. Article: Biomechanical effects of osteoplasty with or without Kirschner wire...

The authors investigated proprietary antithrombogenic coatings applied to flow-diverter stents (FDSs). The in vivo experiments showed that HPC-coated p64 FDSs appeared to be biocompatible. Article: In vivo canine study of three different coatings applied to p64...

This article reviews the role of ultrasound in percutaneous procedures for pancreatic diseases. Article: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous procedures in pancreatic diseases: new techniques and applications Authors: Mirko D’Onofrio, Alessandro Beleù, and Riccardo De...

This study showed that micro-CT and multislice CT parameters can be used for predicting conventional test forces and a new test force – implant stability quotient (ISQ). Article: Quantitative CT-based bone strength parameters for the prediction of novel spinal implant...

This study introduces a visual scoring system that provides a quality control standard for arterial spin labeling (ASL) and that can be applied to both cerebral blood flow maps and ancillary ASL images. The system provided high reproducibility and a reliable threshold...

US and CEUS were used to identify and characterise ovarian glands in murine models as a preliminary study for exploring the protective role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-a) on chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage. Article: Contrast-enhanced...

Diffusion tensor imaging in the musculoskeletal and peripheral nerve systems: from experimental to clinical applications Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the musculoskeletal and peripheral nerve systems has so far mostly been used in experimental settings. This...

The goal of this study was to evaluate changes in total choline absolute concentration in the breast of healthy fertile women in relation to menstrual cycle (MC) or use of oral contraceptives (OC). Article: Changes in total choline concentration in the breast of...

Applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in radiology require large amounts of training data. However, finding relevant information is difficult. This review gives a brief overview on how structured reporting can help facilitate research in...

The authors report on using the lean body weight for determining the contrast agent dose for abdominal CT, as opposed to using the standard total body weight. Article: Abdominal CT: a radiologist-driven adjustment of the dose of iodinated contrast agent approaches a...

The authors investigated the potentially toxic effect of different gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in combination with 7-T MRI. By isolating and exposing lymphocytes analogously to iodinated contrast agents in combination with computed tomography, they found...

This study aimed to evaluate whether BMI can be used as a size-related metrics alternative to the midslice effective diameter (DE) for obtaining a size-specific dose in abdominal CT.   Article: Using body mass index to estimate individualised patient radiation...

The authors demonstrated that the solution of concentrated pineapple juice can be safely used in vivo for oesophagus visualisation at MR angiography. Article: Concentrated pineapple juice for visualisation of the oesophagus during magnetic resonance angiography before...

The goal of this retrospective analysis was to investigate outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who underwent surgical resection in relation to the presence of sarcopenia and myosteatosis. The authors determined that sarcopenia and myosteatosis in IBD...

This article sheds light on methods used for extracting high-dimensional data from clinical images – radiomics. The authors explain the standard steps of the radiomics process, discuss the origin of the term, and summarise the major issues in regard to this process....

This study compares fractional anisotropy (FA) values derived with DTI analysis approaches, as well as FA values and number of tracts with the clinical motor outcome quantified by the functional independence measure for children (WeeFIM). The authors concluded that...

Proton-density fat fraction of the paraspinal muscles has become an important surrogate biomarker in patients with intervertebral disc disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and neuromuscular disorders. The authors developed an automatic segmentation algorithm of the...

To determine the influence of dose reduction and reconstruction methods on CT emphysema quantification, CT scans were performed on humans at routine radiation dose and at 45%, 60%, and 75% reduced radiation dose. Images were then reconstructed using filtered back...

New innovative technology, deep learning, is revolutionising many research and industrial fields. Growing interest in generative models inspired the authors to explore their potential in the field of magnetic resonance imaging of the spine. Tests showed that the...

This article deals with the potentials and consequences of integrating AI into radiology. The authors define basic terms such as “machine/deep learning” and analyse the use of AI in recent publications. Article: Artificial intelligence in medical imaging: threat or...

The authors set out to evaluate technical success of image-guided elastoplasty – a novel method for percutaneous vertebral augmentation with a silicone elastomeric material. The procedure was successfully performed 19 times which led the authors to say elastoplasty...

This research aimed to assess the possibility of multicolour quantitative imaging with spectral photon-counting computed tomography (SPCCT) of different mixed contrast agents. The results proved that SPCCT enables multicolour quantitative imaging and opened up the...

The authors used an animal model to evaluate residual endoleak and thrombus organisation with shear wave imaging after endoleak embolisation. Using eight dogs with 16 iliac aneurysms and type I endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair, the authors concluded that...

The goal of this study was to determine whether patient-specific and cohort-averaged wall thickness, wall shear stress, and vessel diameter maps can be used for creating 3D estimation models for patient-specific wall thickness in asymptomatic atherosclerotic carotid...

The authors of this study set out to compare diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters in vivo and ex vivo in the brain and to explore the effects of radiofrequency coil and number of excitations on ex vivo DTI parameters. By obtaining DTI maps from rat brains and...

The aim of this study was to use MRI for dynamically assessing postprandial changes in hepatic and collateral blood flow, liver perfusion and oxygenation in healthy participants and patients with liver disease with compensated cirrhosis. The authors were able to...

Since estimated intracranial volume (eTIV) from FreeSurfer is calculated from the alignment of the input MR images to the MNI305 brain atlas, and is not segmentation-based, a concern was raised that this might lead to a bias by total brain volume. This study managed...

This study aimed to present and evaluate a new respiratory level biofeedback system that helps the patient to have a consistent breath-hold level. The results showed an increased reproducibility of breath-hold expiration level in healthy volunteers, indicating a...

Due to the fact that intraoperative blood loss is a common occurrence in splenectomy, the authors set out to compare the perioperative and clinical outcomes of splenic artery embolisation (SAE) prior to splenectomy versus splenectomy alone. On a total of 100 patients,...

The goal of this study was to examine the feasibility and accuracy of a novel dual-energy CT technique in measuring the electron density. By using dual-layer CT (DLCT), the authors investigated two approaches to obtain relative electron densities. The results showed...

Iodine-containing contrast media (ICM) are often used to improve image quality and information content in x-ray-based examinations. There is, hovewer, increasing evidence that the use of ICM during CT sessions is associated with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) breaks that...

The authors of this study set out to evaluate two nerve conduit types, Nerbridge™ and NeuraGen®. They also aimed to compare the effectiveness of nerve regeneration between autograft and those two nerve conduits by using DTI, electrodiagnostic testing, limb function,...

This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of an innovative system that uses augmented reality to guide interventional oncology procedures. By performing experiments on three models, the authors deduced that the augmented reality can assist with needle...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-implantation computed tomography (CT) image quality of different types of stents that are used to treat aortic coarctation. By subjectively scoring CT scans for image quality and measuring the amount of stent-induced...

This pioneering study aimed to investigate the potential of 7-T 19F-MRS to detect TAS-102 metabolites in humans. The authors set out to prove that TAS-102 cannot be detected in liver metastases of metastatic colorectal cancer patients on a normal treatment schedule,...

This prospective study was designed to examine the diagnostic performance of integrated positron emission tomography and dual-energy computed tomography imaging in determining the thoracic nodal status of patients with small-cell lung cancer or non-small-cell lung...

The exposure of thyroid to scattered radiation from breast tissue during mammography may increase the risk of radiation- induced thyroid cancer. The aim of the study was to use Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the scatter radiation exposition of the thyroid and...

Due to the fact that spinal cord atrophy is not routinely assessed in routine clinical practice, despite being one of the hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, this study was designed to evaluate whether spinal cord cross-sectional area measured at the foramen...

The authors evaluated the limitations and potential of clinical imaging modalities for the examination of ancient Egyptian canopic jars and the mummified visceral organs putatively contained within them. The research showed that CT is the modality of choice for...

The aim of this study was to investigate if there are any texture features that show a correlation with intrahepatic tumour growth before the metastasis is visible to the human eye. The experiments conducted on eight male mice showed that liver metastases may be...

This study aimed to investigate the value of DWI for monitoring soft tissue changes adjacent to bone during MR-guided HIFU. Using Sonalleve MR-guided HIFU system to perform ex-vivo experiments, the authors assessed the repeatability of the ADC measurement, the...

The purpose of this observer blinded, single-centre study is to assess the visibility, management, and possible clinical impact of incidental cardiac pathologies that are now becoming visible on standard chest CTs. The data collected by two experienced, blinded...